Efficient single-step reactive compatibilization of hemp flour-reinforced PLA/TPS blends: Exploring eco-friendly alternatives and bio-based compatibilizers from maleinized hemp oil
Alejandro Lerma-Canto
, Ivan Dominguez-Candela, Jaume Gomez-Caturla, Vicent Fombuena, Daniel Garcia-Garcia
, Ivan Dominguez-Candela, Jaume Gomez-Caturla, Vicent Fombuena, Daniel Garcia-GarciaVol. 18., No.2., Pages 214-228, 2024
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.15
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.15
Corresponding author: Vicent Fombuena 
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
In a blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS), a 15% load of hemp seed lignocellulosic filler (HF) was incorporated. Additionally, separate petrochemical-based compatibilizers, such as dicumyl peroxide (DCM) and benzoyl peroxide (LRL), as well as a bio-based compatibilizer, maleinized hemp seed oil (MHO), were introduced. Adding HF to the PLA/TPS blend reduced tensile mechanical properties due to the stress concentration phenomenon arising from the lack of interaction between components, yielding a more brittle material. This issue was mitigated by adding compatibilizers, notably the incorporation of MHO into the PLA/TPS/HF blend this increased elongation at break by enhancing compatibility among the blend components and providing a plasticizing effect. Moreover, regarding thermal properties, it was observed that the inclusion of HF led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg), cold crystallization temperature (Tcc), and melting temperature (Tm). Conversely, adding MHO to this blend increased all these values compared to the PLA/TPS/HF mixture, attributed to the plasticizing effect imparted by the modified oil. Additionally, following fracture in Charpy impact testing, the samples were subjected to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis to examine the fractured surface of the various samples.
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